Sweden

Quick Facts

🇸🇪
Capital:
Stockholm
Official Language(s):
Swedish
Currency:
Swedish krona (kr)
Population:
10,353,442

Overview

Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the largest Nordic country and the fifth-largest country in Europe. Its capital and largest city is Stockholm. Sweden has a population of 10.6 million, and a low population density of 25.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (66/sq mi); 88% of Swedes reside in urban areas. They are mostly in the central and southern half of the country. Sweden's urban areas together cover 1.5% of its land area. Sweden has a diverse climate owing to the length of the country, which ranges from 55°N to 69°N.

Institutional Framework

The strength of a country's institutions directly impacts its economic development and stability. Strong institutions reduce uncertainty, protect property rights, and enable efficient markets through:
  • Rule of law and contract enforcement
  • Control of corruption
  • Government effectiveness and regulatory quality

* Indicators normalized to 0-100 scale

Economic Structure

The composition of an economy reveals its strengths, vulnerabilities, and potential for growth. Understanding the balance between sectors (agriculture, industry, services) and their sophistication helps assess economic resilience and development opportunities.

Economic Health & Trade

Economic Scale & Power

An economy with $637,186,904,843.636B(2021) GDP, showing strong growth at 5.9%(2021). Advanced economy with high living standards.

GDP Growth
5.9%(2021)
GDP PPP
$652,811,615,317.161

Economic Structure

Economic structure shows 64.6%(2021) in services, 23.1%(2021) in industry, and 1.1%(2021) in agriculture. Balanced economic structure.

Economic Health & Trade

Economic health indicators show 8.7%(2021) unemployment and 2.2%(2021) inflation. Trade profile with 47.3%(2021) exports and 43.0%(2021) imports as % of GDP.

Unemployment
8.7%(2021)
Inflation
2.2%(2021)
Exports/GDP
47.3%(2021)
Imports/GDP
43.0%(2021)

Innovation & Competitiveness

Innovation capacity determines a country's ability to compete in the global knowledge economy. Key indicators like R&D investment, patent applications, and high-tech exports reveal the potential for sustainable economic growth and value creation.

High-Tech Exports

13.9

% of manufactured exports

ICT Exports

5.9

% of total goods exports

Digital Adoption

94.7

% of population using internet

Mobile Connectivity

124.3

Subscriptions per 100 people

Manufacturing Value

13.5

% of GDP

International Position

A country's integration into global markets affects its economic opportunities and risks. Trade relationships, financial flows, and geographic advantages or constraints shape its development trajectory and resilience to external shocks.

Financial & Trade Geography

Trade Profile

Trade represents 90.28%(2021) of GDP, with a trade balance of 4.32%(2021).

FDI Inflows
8.61%(2021)
FDI Outflows
9.91%(2021)

Financial Security

External Debt

N/A

Foreign Reserves

$62.05B(2021)(2.3 months of imports)

Supply Chain & Technology

Technology Trade

ICT Imports
9.81%(2021)
High-Tech Exports
13.93%(2021)

Economic Structure

Manufacturing
13.47%(2021)
Services
64.56%(2021)

Trade Agreements & Dependencies

Trade Agreements

No major trade agreements

Critical Dependencies

    Growth Trajectory

    Understanding growth patterns helps predict future economic performance and development challenges. Key factors include productivity trends, investment levels, and structural transformation progress, which together determine long-term prosperity potential.

    Growth Potential Indicators

    Human Capital

    Education and workforce development

    62.8/100

    Trade Position

    International trade and competitiveness

    32.0/100

    Economic Structure

    Sectoral balance and sophistication

    36.8/100

    Demographics & Human Capital

    Demographics are fundamental to understanding a country's economic potential and challenges. The population structure influences everything from labor force availability to social security systems and public spending priorities.

    Demographics

    Population Overview

    Total population of 10,415,811(2021) with 0.6%(2021) annual growth. Median age is N/A with fertility rate at 1.67 births/woman(2021).

    Life Expectancy
    83.056 years(2021)
    Birth Rate
    11 per 1,000(2021)

    Age Structure

    Working-age population (62.2%(2021)) with youth at 17.7%(2021) and elderly at 20.2%(2021). Total dependency ratio: 60.9%(2021).

    Young Dependency
    28.4%(2021)
    Old Dependency
    32.5%(2021)

    Gender & Migration

    Population is 49.7%(2021) female and 50.3%(2021) male, with sex ratio of 1.057 males/female(2021) at birth. Net migration: 51,947(2021).

    Male Mortality
    59.257/1,000(2021)
    Female Mortality
    36.638/1,000(2021)

    Development Indicators

    Urban population growing at 0.9%(2021) annually, with 11.8%(2021) in rural areas. Literacy rate: N/A.

    Urbanization
    88.2%(2021)
    Infant Mortality
    2.1 per 1,000(2021)

    Population Structure

    The population pyramid visualizes the age and gender distribution, revealing crucial insights about economic sustainability. A balanced pyramid with a strong working-age population (typically ages 15-64) indicates greater economic potential, as this group supports both the younger and older generations through:
    • Labor force participation and productivity
    • Tax contributions to support social services
    • Innovation and economic growth

    An aging population (top-heavy pyramid) or youth bulge (bottom-heavy) can create demographic pressures on social systems and economic stability.

    Source: World Bank Development Indicators

    Security Context

    Security considerations fundamentally affect economic development and investment attractiveness. Both geographic factors and military capabilities influence a country's stability and its ability to protect economic interests and maintain sustainable growth.

    Geographic & Resource Security

    Food & Agriculture

    Arable land comprises 6.2%(2021) of territory, with 7.4%(2021) total agricultural land. Cereal yield: 5,064.7 kg/hectare(2021).

    Food Production Index
    96.45(2021)
    Cereal Production
    4,980,300 MT(2021)

    Energy Security

    Net energy imports at N/A of consumption. Renewable energy makes up 100.0%(2021) of total. Electricity access: N/A.

    Resource Rents
    N/A

    Water Resources

    Fresh water resources of 624 m³/capita(2021) per person. Annual precipitation: 68.7 mm(2021).

    Forest Area
    1.2%(2021)

    Environmental Vulnerability

    16417.3%(2021) of population affected by climate disasters. Forest coverage at 1.2%(2021) providing natural buffer.

    Annual Rainfall
    68.7 mm(2021)

    Military & Security

    Military Capabilities

    Military expenditure at N/A of GDP. Armed forces personnel: 122,000,000(2021) ( 329000000.00%(2021) of labor force).

    Arms Exports
    240,854 USD(2021)
    Arms Imports
    N/A

    Strategic Status

    Military Alliances

    No major military alliances

    Nuclear Status

    Non-Nuclear State

    Security Environment

    Refugee population: 304,122(2021)Internally displaced: 320,215(2021)

    Strategic Geography

    Strategic Features

    • Borders 2 countries