Russia

Quick Facts

🇷🇺

Capital:: Moscow
Official Language(s):: Russian
Currency:: Russian ruble (₽)
Population:: 144,104,080

Overview

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the largest country in the world by land area, and extends across eleven time zones; sharing land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the most populous country in Europe and the ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and largest city of Russia; while Saint Petersburg is the second-largest city and cultural centre.

Institutional Framework

The strength of a country's institutions directly impacts its economic development and stability. Strong institutions reduce uncertainty, protect property rights, and enable efficient markets through:

Rule of law and contract enforcement
Control of corruption
Government effectiveness and regulatory quality

* Indicators normalized to 0-100 scale

Economic Structure

The composition of an economy reveals its strengths, vulnerabilities, and potential for growth. Understanding the balance between sectors (agriculture, industry, services) and their sophistication helps assess economic resilience and development opportunities.

Economic Health & Trade

Economic Scale & Power

An economy with $1.84TB(2021) GDP, showing strong growth at 5.6%(2021). Developing economy with moderate income levels.

GDP Growth: 5.6%(2021)
GDP PPP: $5.73T

Economic Structure

Economic structure shows 54.4%(2021) in services, 31.4%(2021) in industry, and 3.9%(2021) in agriculture. Balanced economic structure.

Economic Health & Trade

Economic health indicators show 4.7%(2021) unemployment and 6.7%(2021) inflation. Trade profile with 29.8%(2021) exports and 20.4%(2021) imports as % of GDP.

Unemployment

4.7%(2021)

Inflation

6.7%(2021)

Exports/GDP

29.8%(2021)

Imports/GDP

20.4%(2021)

Innovation & Competitiveness

Innovation capacity determines a country's ability to compete in the global knowledge economy. Key indicators like R&D investment, patent applications, and high-tech exports reveal the potential for sustainable economic growth and value creation.

High-Tech Exports

9.7

% of manufactured exports

ICT Exports

0.5

% of total goods exports

Digital Adoption

88.2

% of population using internet

Mobile Connectivity

169.0

Subscriptions per 100 people

Manufacturing Value

12.6

% of GDP

International Position

A country's integration into global markets affects its economic opportunities and risks. Trade relationships, financial flows, and geographic advantages or constraints shape its development trajectory and resilience to external shocks.

Financial & Trade Geography

Trade Profile

Trade represents 50.20%(2021) of GDP, with a trade balance of 9.35%(2021).

FDI Inflows: 2.19%(2021)
FDI Outflows: 3.57%(2021)

Financial Security

External Debt

N/A

Foreign Reserves

$632.24B(2021)(15.1 months of imports)

Supply Chain & Technology

Technology Trade

ICT Imports: 9.99%(2021)
High-Tech Exports: 9.73%(2021)

Economic Structure

Manufacturing: 12.61%(2021)
Services: 54.40%(2021)

Trade Agreements & Dependencies

Trade Agreements

No major trade agreements

Critical Dependencies

energy

Growth Trajectory

Understanding growth patterns helps predict future economic performance and development challenges. Key factors include productivity trends, investment levels, and structural transformation progress, which together determine long-term prosperity potential.

Growth Potential Indicators

Human Capital

Education and workforce development

78.4/100

Trade Position

International trade and competitiveness

14.7/100

Economic Structure

Sectoral balance and sophistication

35.0/100

Demographics & Human Capital

Demographics are fundamental to understanding a country's economic potential and challenges. The population structure influences everything from labor force availability to social security systems and public spending priorities.

Demographics

Population Overview

Total population of 144,746,762(2021) with -0.3%(2021) annual growth. Median age is N/A with fertility rate at 1.505 births/woman(2021).

Life Expectancy: 69.9 years(2021)
Birth Rate: 9.6 per 1,000(2021)

Age Structure

Working-age population (66.5%(2021)) with youth at 17.7%(2021) and elderly at 15.7%(2021). Total dependency ratio: 50.3%(2021).

Young Dependency: 26.6%(2021)
Old Dependency: 23.6%(2021)

Gender & Migration

Population is 53.5%(2021) female and 46.5%(2021) male, with sex ratio of 1.057 males/female(2021) at birth. Net migration: 314,112(2021).

Male Mortality: N/A
Female Mortality: N/A

Development Indicators

Urban population growing at -0.1%(2021) annually, with 25.1%(2021) in rural areas. Literacy rate: 100.0%(2021).

Urbanization: 74.9%(2021)
Infant Mortality: 4.1 per 1,000(2021)

Population Structure

The population pyramid visualizes the age and gender distribution, revealing crucial insights about economic sustainability. A balanced pyramid with a strong working-age population (typically ages 15-64) indicates greater economic potential, as this group supports both the younger and older generations through:

Labor force participation and productivity
Tax contributions to support social services
Innovation and economic growth

An aging population (top-heavy pyramid) or youth bulge (bottom-heavy) can create demographic pressures on social systems and economic stability.

Source: World Bank Development Indicators

Security Context

Security considerations fundamentally affect economic development and investment attractiveness. Both geographic factors and military capabilities influence a country's stability and its ability to protect economic interests and maintain sustainable growth.

Geographic & Resource Security

Food & Agriculture

Arable land comprises 7.4%(2021) of territory, with 13.2%(2021) total agricultural land. Cereal yield: 2,705.4 kg/hectare(2021).

Food Production Index: 111.63(2021)
Cereal Production: 117,575,618.46 MT(2021)

Energy Security

Net energy imports at N/A of consumption. Renewable energy makes up 100.0%(2021) of total. Electricity access: N/A.

Resource Rents: N/A

Water Resources

Fresh water resources of 460 m³/capita(2021) per person. Annual precipitation: 49.784 mm(2021).

Forest Area: 3.6%(2021)

Environmental Vulnerability

29790.0%(2021) of population affected by climate disasters. Forest coverage at 3.6%(2021) providing natural buffer.

Annual Rainfall: 49.784 mm(2021)

Military & Security

Military Capabilities

Military expenditure at N/A of GDP. Armed forces personnel: 6,000,000(2021) ( 2315000000.00%(2021) of labor force).

Arms Exports: 10,901 USD(2021)
Arms Imports: N/A

Strategic Status

Military Alliances

No major military alliances

Nuclear Status

NPT Nuclear Weapon State

Security Environment

Recorded 470(2021) battle-related deaths.Refugee population: 4,049,103(2021)Internally displaced: 4,876,171(2021)

Strategic Geography

Strategic Features

Borders 14 countries